CIA.Bias

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Reading: “Bias and Fairness in Pricing and Underwriting of Property and Casualty (P&C) Risks”, April 2023, Sections 1, 2 and 3.

Author: Canadian Institute of Actuaries

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This reading covers roughly 10 pages of material.

Estimated study time: x mins, or y hrs, or n₁-n₂ days, or 1 week,... (not including subsequent review time)

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reference	part (a)	part (b)	part (c)	part (d)

In Plain English!

E(r)-1/2 Aσ^2